vault backup: 2025-09-11 10:51:20

Affected files:
.obsidian/workspace.json
2 Personal/Lists/Business Ideas.md
Temporary/Drone Regulations Requirements.md

Temporary/Drone Regulations Requirements.md

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+---
+title: Drone Regulations Requirements
+created_date: 2025-09-11
+updated_date: 2025-09-11
+aliases:
+tags:
+---
+# Drone Regulations Requirements
+
+## Regulatory Landscape
+- SORA
+- Categories: Open, Specific and Certified
+- Remote ID
+- ADS-B In / Out
+- EASA Design Standards: Class C6 vs C1-C3
+- airspaces: controlled, vs uncontrolled, U-Space (unmanned traffic managment framework)
+- U-Space service providers (USSP): --> remote ID, flight planning and authorization, tracking and traffic information
+- Pilot Certification (Proof of Competency: Open Category A1/A3, additional exam for A2 - Specific category (BVLOS) --> theory exam and practical skill test - Light UAS Operator Certicifcate (LUC) which allows to self-authorize operations)
+
+
+## Requirements
+### Remote ID
+Applicable in CH, EU
+- integrated or retrofit --> upload into the RID system
+
+### ADS-B In / Out
+ADS-B Out is not mandated
+Electronic Conspicuity and U-space network identification are favored.
+
+ADS-B In is optional but highly encouraged
+
+### BVLOS
+For BVLOS flights an operational risk assessment is required (SORA). If the SORA meets a published STandard Scenario (STS) a simplified declaration can be used instead of a full authorization 
+- STS-01 - VLOS over controlled ground area
+- STS-02 - BVLOS with observers over a sparsely populated controlled area. Requires a class C6 label. Ops must occur in controlled ground area with an airspace observer scanning for aircraft. Limited to sparsely populated areas
+If all conditions are met an operator can file STS-01/02 declaration, meaning no case-by-case study is needed
+
+For urban deliveries a case by case study is needed, since the condition of sparsely populated fails.
+
+The operator prepares a **Concept of Operations and risk assessment (ConOps)** document, which implements mitigations (fail-safes, parachute, ...). Based on the ConOps FOCA gives an authorization with conditions.
+
+### Geo-awareness & Airspace integration
+Drones in Switzerland and EU must respect *UAS Geographical Zones* (e.g. restricted airspace, no-fly zones).
+- limited to 120 m above ground level (AGL) in uncontrolled airspace
+- geofenced no-fly areas
+
+#### U-Space
+- manned aircraft must be electronically conspicuous (ADS-B out) so that drone operators can detect and avoid them
+
+### Operations Registration
+- In CH we need to obtain a unique UAS Operator Number to label the drone.
+- Remote pilots must be certified (proof of c)