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Xdd = Ax + Bu
Y = Cx + Du
A and B decide if it is controllable
C and D decide if it is observable
# Controlability
- System can be uncontrollable linearly, but controllable non-linearly
## Linear Systems
1. Compute Controllability Matrix C = [B AB … A^(n-1)B]
2. If rank( C) = n <==> controllable
3. Singular value decomposition (SVD) tells us about:it orders singular vectors to show most controllable to least controllable states
- If system is controllable then:
- Arbitrary eigenvalue (pole) placementu = -Kx <==> xd = (A-BK)x
- Reachibility (get to any state in R^n)R_t = R_n
Definitions
- Reachable set R_t: all vectors in Rn that can be reached zome where sys is controllable
- Controllability Matrix: C = [B AB … A^(n-1)B]This matrix is equivalent to an impulse response in dicrete time: basically matrix says wether the control input reaches all the states eventually.
- Controllability Gramian:W_t =
- ![冖 DDzYm ](Exported%20image%2020231126171851-0.png)
- Stabilizibility: all unstable directions (eigenvectors) are controllable.
- Unstable and lightly damped directions should be controllable!

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[https://apmonitor.com/pdc/](https://apmonitor.com/pdc/)
[https://apmonitor.com/pdc/index.php/Main/ModelSimulation](https://apmonitor.com/pdc/index.php/Main/ModelSimulation)
[https://ch.mathworks.com/de/videos/tech-talks/controls.html](https://ch.mathworks.com/de/videos/tech-talks/controls.html)
Good overview of drone control
[A_review_on_drones_controlled_in_real-time.pdf](https://onedrive.live.com/embed?resid=D05036151E62BA13%213756&filename=A_review_on_drones_controlled_in_real-time.pdf&authkey=!AEvlrbu_TdPVjBw)

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- Eye()
- Zeros()
- Ones()
- Eig()
- Step()
- Ss()
- Ctrb() --> contrability matrix [B AB … A^(n-1)B]
- Rank() --> rank
- Place() --> pole placement
- Svd(, 'econ')

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![[eth-984-02 (1).pdf]]
![[Husnic_ZelimirPhD_test.pdf]]

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==A====utomatic Control Of Aircraft & Missile ( Blakelock)==
> From <[https://archive.org/details/AutomaticControlOfAircraftMissileBlakelock/page/n79/mode/2up](https://archive.org/details/AutomaticControlOfAircraftMissileBlakelock/page/n79/mode/2up)>

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# Overview
1. Make a model of our drone that is very simple
2. Analyse the basic behaviour
3. Define weaknesses and see wether it all works
4. Iterate and include higher dynamics
5. Iterate and include noise and material decay
As a quick intro and inspiration watch this:
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7wHSr6GRnc&ab_channel=MATLAB](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7wHSr6GRnc&ab_channel=MATLAB)

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[https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/mavt/dynamic-systems-n-control/idsc-dam/Lectures/Control-Systems-2/Exercises/python-control.pdf](https://ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/mavt/dynamic-systems-n-control/idsc-dam/Lectures/Control-Systems-2/Exercises/python-control.pdf)
# Books
- Dynamical Systems with Applications using Python
Websites
- [https://www.eigensteve.com/](https://www.eigensteve.com/)