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+[Notes to ESD essentials by TI](https://training.ti.com/esd-essentials-what-esd?context=1136983-1139548-1135647)
+
+  
+
+ESD - Electrostatic discharge
+
+This happens when you're getting charged up positively and touch a conductor.
+
+Large voltages can be generated that can damage Ics.
+
+  
+
+ESD diodes can be used to direct those ESD-currents into GND, before they can reach the Ics
+
+  
+![Circuit with ESD Protection 
+Interface 
+Connector 
+ESD 
+Diode 
+ESD Essentials 
+System 
+Circuitry ](Exported%20image%2020231126172008-0.png)  
+
+# Chapter 2 - ESD Working Voltage
+
+Also known as Reverse Standoff Voltage
+
+  
+![Working Voltage vs. Breakdown Voltage 
+ESD 
+ESD I-v Plot 
+e tials 
+ESD 
+Diode 
+0:18 
+Protected 
+Circuitry 
+0:55 
+16 
+14 
+12 
+10 
+4 
+2 
+0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 
+voltage (V) ](Exported%20image%2020231126172008-1.png)  
+
+Indicated by red: BreakDown Voltage. Any voltage larger than this will make the diode conductive.
+
+  
+![(Λ) αβηΙ0Λ 
+ΥΙΙΟΙ 
+νηι•ο 
+ΊΙΙ' Ό 
+νιΙΙΟΙ 
+ΥΙΙΙΟΟΙ 
+Λ-Ι asa 
+a6ellO/\ uMOP>1eaJ8 Θ6ηΙOΛ 611!ΥΙ0Μ ](Exported%20image%2020231126172008-2.png)  
+
+The signal level, which is used normally should be below VRWM --> like that we have below 10 nA leakage current.
+
+  
+
+The working voltage of the diode you choose should be slightly higher than the largest signal.
+
+  
+![Bidirectional vs. Unidirectional ESD 
+Configuration 
+Bidirectional 
+1/0 
+Functional Diagram 
+- GND 
+Has a symmetric positive and negative 
+breakdown voltage 
+Definition 
+Can be used for interfaces with both 
+positive and/or negative voltage ranges 
+Supported Interfaces 
+(all interfaces) 
+In I-channel ESD bidirectional ESD, any pin 
+can be the I/O and any pin can be the 
+ground 
+ESD Essentials 
+Unidirectional 
+1/0 
+GND 
+Has a positive breakdown voltage but 
+breaks down almost immediately in the 
+negative direction 
+Can only be used for interfaces that only 
+have a positive voltage range 
+Digital inputs, USB, HDMI and other 
+positive signal interfaces 
+Has better negative clamping performance 
+than bidirectional diodes since the negative 
+breakdown voltage is lower. ](Exported%20image%2020231126172008-3.png)  
+
+# IEC 610000-4-2 ESD Rating
+
+  
+![ESD Standard: IEC 61000-4-2 
+ESO s 
+IEC 61000-4-2 ESD 
+*Designed for real world 
+applications 
+ESD Essentials 
+61000-4-2 
+HBM 
+20 
+40 
+60 
+Time (ns) 
+80 
+100 
+TEXAS INSTRUMENTS ](Exported%20image%2020231126172008-4.png)  
+  
+
+## Human Body Model (HBM) ESD
+
+This is used to estimat the manufacturing, assembly and shipping. Not for the final use!
+
+  
+
+## Charge Device Model (CDM) ESD
+
+ESD discharge through charged device into ground. Also only Manufacturing, assembly and shipping.
+
+  
+
+## IEC 61000-4-2
+
+This is the model that simulates the final use by the user. There are 4 Levels and devices next to interface connectors should use at least level 4.
+
+  
+![Look for the IEC 61000-4-2 Rating 
+IEC 61000-4-2 
+Level 
+1 
+2 
+3 
+4 
+E D Ratin s 
+Contact 
+Voltage 
+2kV 
+6kV 
+8kV 
+Air Gap 
+Voltage 
+2kV 
+4kV 
+8kV 
+15kV 
+6.2 
+V(ESO) 
+Humm (HBM). ANSVESDA/JEOEC 
+Chat%d-device rncxlel (COM). JEDEC 
+CIO' 
+6 Contact Discharge 
+Discharge 
+ESD Essentials 
+VALUE 
+*15000 
+*15000 ](Exported%20image%2020231126172008-5.png)  
+
+# Clamping Voltage
+
+This is the important measure, because it describes the voltage protection capability of the clamping diode.
+
+![Common Misconception regarding IEC 
+Interface 
+Connector 
+ESD 
+Diode 
+IEC 610004-2 Rating 
+measures the robustness of the 
+diode 
+(ex: 8kV contact Il 5kV air gap) 
+System 
+Circuitry 
+be exposed to. 
+ESD Esse 
+v 
+ESD clamping voltage 
+rating measures how well the 
+ESD diode will protect 
+system circuitry ](Exported%20image%2020231126172008-6.png)  
+![Clamping Voltage on the T LP Plot 
+— 12 
+ESD Essentials 
+22A 
+ESD 
+15.5V 
+Diode 
+Minimize RDYN to provide 
+better clamping voltage 
+and protection 
+18 
+10 
+2 
+Transmission Line Pulse Plot 
+nds 
+0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 
+Voltage (V) ](Exported%20image%2020231126172008-7.png)  
+
+Depending on the ESD strike a different current is shunted through the diode. This results in a remaining voltage drop, which the system circuitry will be exposed to. That is the voltage that can still damage our system. --> select diode according to max voltage that system can survive.
+
+# Parasitic Capacitance
+
+![ESD Junction Capacitance 
+Interface Signal 
+ESD Esse 
+Protected 
+Circuitry 
+N -type 
+P-type ](Exported%20image%2020231126172008-8.png)
+
+Because of the physics the diode can be modeled as a capacitor. Hence it will influence the circuit during normal operation.
+
+  
+
+If parasitic capacitance is high it can influence the signal:
+
+![Capacitance Effect on Signal Integrity 
+Input Interface 
+Signal 
+ESD 
+Diode 
+ESD Essen—. 
+Signal 
+capacitance 
+interference 
+Protected 
+Circuitry ](Exported%20image%2020231126172008-9.png)
+
+This means for a highspeed signal it is extremely important that the parasitic capacitance is small.
+
+  
+
+General overview:
+
+![Capacitance Recommendations 
+ESD Typical 
+Tl Recommended 
+Interface 
+GPIO 
+Pushbutton 
+Audio 
+USB 2.0 
+USB 3.0 
+USB 3.1 Gen 2 
+HDMI 1.4 
+HDMI 2.0 
+Ethernet 
+Antenna 
+4-20mA Loop 
+Suggested 
+Capacitance (C') 
+<30pF 
+<30pF 
+<10pF 
+<2.5PF 
+<0.5pF 
+<O.3pF 
+<O.7PF 
+<0.5pF 
+<5pF 
+<O.2pF 
+<80pF 
+Device ](Exported%20image%2020231126172008-10.png)  
+  
+
+# ESD Protection selection
+
+![ESD Selection Steps 
+Was thi* 
+ESD Esse tlals 
+1) 
+2) 
+3) 
+4) 
+5) 
+Quantify the signal range of your signal/power interface to 
+determine the ESD diode's working voltage. 
+Decide whether a unidirectional or bidirectional configuration 
+is preferred. 
+Decide the maximum capacitance can be accepted for the 
+interface. 
+Determine what TLP voltage the system fails at to determine 
+the necessary clamping voltage of the diode. 
+Ensure that the diode exceeds IEC 61000-4-2 level 4. ](Exported%20image%2020231126172008-11.png)  
+![Step 4: Determine TLP Clamping Voltage 
+ESD Essentials 
+<16V 
+<16V 
+Battery 
+Charger 
+Fails: 20V TLP 
+USB 2.0 
+Switch 
+Fails: 16V TLP 
+Bidirectional 
+Any 
+<20Vat 16A 
+TLP 
+>3.6v• 
+Bidirectional 
+<2.5PF 
+<16V at 16A 
+TLP 
+GND 
+USB 
+Receptacle 
+Polarity 
+Configuration 
+Capacitance 
+Clamping 
+Voltage 
+IEC 61000-4-2 
+Rating 
+TLP failure voltage is NOT the same as absolute 
+maximum voltage. Absolute maximum voltage is a 
+DC voltage while TLP is a 100ns transient. ](Exported%20image%2020231126172008-12.png)