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5 Media/0 Books/Atomic Habits by James Clear.md Normal file
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---
title: Atomic Habits by James Clear
created_date: 2024-10-23
updated_date: 2024-10-23
aliases:
tags:
- book
type: book
book_name: Atomic Habits
author: James Clear
status: not_started
---
# Atomic Habits by James Clear
- **🏷️Tags** : #10-2024 #book
---
## Summary
> [!summary] Summary
> **Atomic Habits by James Clear** is about using the power of habits as a system to incrementally become the person you want to be by leveraging the compounding nature of habits. The core idea is to find good habits and make them *obvious, attractive, easy and satisfying*, as well as identifying your bad habits and making them *invisible, unattractive, hard and unsatisfying*. Personally, a key takeaway is to get started doing a habit as soon as possible, by starting smaller than what your end goal is (read 1 page instae, without trying to optimise everything beforehand.
Missing: Identity, Environment, ...
## Cheatsheet
### How to create a good habit
| **The 1st Law** | **Make It Obvious** |
| --------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 1.1 | Fill out the Habits Scorecard. Write down your current habits to become aware of them. |
| 1.2 | Use implementation intentions: "I will [BEHAVIOR] at [TIME] in [LOCATION]." |
| 1.3 | Use habit stacking: "After [CURRENT HABIT], I will [NEW HABIT]." |
| 1.4 | Design your environment. Make the cues of good habits obvious and visible. |
|**The 2nd Law**|**Make It Attractive**|
|---|---|
|2.1|Use temptation bundling. Pair an action you want to do with an action you need to do.|
|2.2|Join a culture where your desired behavior is the normal behavior.|
|2.3|Create a motivation ritual. Do something you enjoy immediately before a difficult habit.|
|**The 3rd Law**|**Make It Easy**|
|---|---|
|3.1|Reduce friction. Decrease the number of steps between you and your good habits.|
|3.2|Prime the environment. Prepare your environment to make future actions easier.|
|3.3|Master the decisive moment. Optimize the small choices that deliver outsized impact.|
|3.4|Use the Two-Minute Rule. Downscale your habits until they can be done in two minutes or less.|
|3.5|Automate your habits. Invest in technology and one-time purchases that lock in future behavior.|
| **The 4th Law** | **Make It Satisfying** |
| --------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 4.1 | Use reinforcement. Give yourself an immediate reward when you complete your habit. |
| 4.2 | Make "doing nothing" enjoyable. When avoiding a bad habit, design a way to see the benefits. |
| 4.3 | Use a habit tracker. Keep track of your habit streak and "don't break the chain." |
| 4.4 | Never miss twice. When you forget to do a habit, make sure you get back on track immediately. |
### How to Break a Bad Habit
| **Inversion of the 1st Law** | **Make It Invisible** |
| ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 1.5 | Reduce exposure. Remove the cues of your bad habits from your environment. |
| **Inversion of the 2nd Law** | **Make It Unattractive** |
| ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 2.4 | Reframe your mindset. Highlight the benefits of avoiding your bad habits. |
| **Inversion of the 3rd Law** | **Make It Difficult** |
| ------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 3.6 | Increase friction. Increase the number of steps between you and your bad habits. |
| 3.7 | Use a commitment device. Restrict your future choices to the ones that benefit you. |
| **Inversion of the 4th Law** | **Make It Unsatisfying** |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| 4.5 | Get an accountability partner. Ask someone to watch your behavior. |
| 4.6 | Create a habit contract. Make the costs of your bad habits public and painful. |
## Ideas and Thoughts
> [!info]+ Inspiring Questions
> - Did you think about other concepts from other books?
> - Do the concepts fit to your past, to your memories?
> - Can you relive them and reflect them from a different angle?
Personally, a key takeaway is to get started doing a habit as soon as possible by starting smaller than what your end goal is (read 1 page, instead of 1 hour). All this without trying to optimise everything beforehand ([[analysis paralysis]]).
---
## Clippings
---
```query
Atomic Habits James Clear
-file: "Atomic Habits by James Clear.md"
```

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---
title: Outlive by Peter Attia
created_date: 2024-10-23
updated_date: 2024-10-23
aliases:
tags:
- book
type: book
book_name: Outlive
author: Peter Attia
status: read
---
# Outlive by Peter Attia
- **🏷️Tags** : #10-2024 #book
---
## Summary
> [!summary] Summary
> 3 Sentences only!
> - What are the main ideas?
> - If I implemented one idea from this book right now, which one would it be?
> - How would I describe the book to someone else?
---
## Ideas and Thoughts
> [!info]+ Inspiring Questions
> - Did you think about other concepts from other books?
> - Do the concepts fit to your past, to your memories?
> - Can you relive them and reflect them from a different angle?
---
## Clippings
> [!info] Import Clippings from Kindle
> Annotate Clippings with thoughts and cross references
---
## Notes
### Medicine 2.0 vs Medicine 3.0
Medicine 2.0 is reactive, only reacting to problems once they appear. Medicine 3.0 on the other hand is proactive, trying to do things today in order to delay or prevent problems in the future.
![[image 2.jpg]]
Healthspan is the quality of life.
Lifespan is the length of life.
#### Flaws of Medicine 2.0
- helps us live longer with the disease
- Looks at each disease separately (especially the four horsemen)
- Diabetes is a major risk factor for cancer and Alzheimer‘s
- All is related to the biological process of aging
#### Goals of Medicine 3.0
- look at all diseases at once. What can I do to reduce the risk of all of them significantly?
-
#### The Four Horsemen
Cardiovascular Disease
Cancer
Diabetes
Neurodegenerative Disease
#### Healthspan
Three vectors that span a space:
1. Cognitive Health
2. Physical Health
3. Emotional Health
You can only be healthy if you are healthy in all three of those.
Maybe the following definition (my own idea)?
Health = min(cognitive health, physical health, emotional health)
#### Objective -> Strategy -> Tactics
Tactics are short term and precise plans on how to achieve a simple goal.
Strategy on the other hand is the long term plan, without precise implementation to a complex problem.
The boxing analogy: strategy: make better, fitter and younger boxer tired by provoking him and enduring minimal damage yourself until you can finish him because you have much more energy left.
Tactic: provoke by hitting him in a very simple way ( you don’t hit a champion like that), tire him out by only dodging but not really attacking
—-
Aging is a major risk factor for the four horseman, because your body is not equipped anymore to fight them off.
—-
Our Strategy:
- avoid the three pillars of Healthspan decline simultaneously
- Focus on improving healthspan, the lifespan benefits are closely related and follow automatically. Also Lifespan is binary: you’re alive or dead, no qualitative measure
- Understand the four horseman in detail, to know our strengths to fight against them
##### Tactics
> In Medicine 3.0, our tactics must become interwoven into our daily lives. We eat, breathe, and sleep them - literally. By peter Attila
- Exercise
- Nutrition
- Sleep
- Emotional Health
- Exogenous Molecules (drugs, hormones and supplements)
###### Exercise
Breakdown because its a very broad term:
- Strength
- Stability
- Aerobic Efficiency
- peak Aerobic capacity
Exercise is the most important tactic: it benefits all pillars of healthspan:
### Datadriven
Sources
- Observe Centenarians
- Animal models (lab mice)
- Human Studies of the four horsemen
- how do they start?
- Progress? What fuels them?
- What underlying factors do they share?
- What are the treatments used? And how can we infer tactics to do prevention?
- We want to know them inside out
- Studies of aging (human and animal)
- Molecular and mechanistic
- Drugs or exercise that fight against it
- Mendelian Randomization:
- what allels of a gene induce higher risks of a disease
#### Centenarians
- They shift the aging curve by 1-3 decades, but in the end they still often die of the four horseman. This can be interpreted as being younger at any stage in life.
- They mostly are very healthy at ages above 100, scoring well in cognitive tests and daily tasks tests. This means their healthspan is still large
- The older you get, the healthier you have been
- 20-30% of the longevity might be explained by genes
- We try to copy the phenotype despite not having their genotype
- Old relatives indicate higher chance of getting old as well
- Suffering stage at the end is very short
##### Genes
Most of them do something in cholesterole or glucose metabolism
1. APOE
2. CETP
3. APOC3
4. FOXO3 (page 78)
What centenarians get with their genes we want to achieve otherwise, mostly through training and nutrition.
### Eat Less, Live Longer?
#### Rapamycin
- [ ] do research about rapamycin #todo/p
Also known as:
- sirolimus as a coating of arterial stents.
- Everolimus: kidney cancer
Rapamycin tends to slow down cellular growth and division. It works directly on a intracellular protein complex called mTOR (mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin).
mTOR can be found nearly across all species of the planet, meaning it is very important, also for us. Rapamycin acts like a switch for mTOR.
##### mTOR
It’s Job is to balance an organism’s need to grow and reproduce against the availability of nutrients. When food is plentiful, mTOR is activated and the cell goes into growth mode (create new proteins and cell division). When the nutrients are scarce mTOR is supressed and the cell goes into a recycling mode, breaking down unused cellular components and cleaning the house
##### Slowdown of Aging in Mice
In 2009 a study was published where rapamycin was used to extend life of mice - 13% for females, 9% for males. And the study was experimentally repeated across the globe by other groups.
This did not really come as a surprise, because rapmycin has the same effect as eating less (suppressing mTOR). And it had already been shown countless times that eating less results in longer lives for lab animals. The first person to document the process was Alvise Cornaro in the 16th century.
##### Caloric Restriction (CR)
Experiment where one group can eat whatever whenever they want. The CR group gets all the nutrients needed for life, but 20-30% fewer total calories. Good results across the studies (15-45% longer lives and remarkably healthier animals).
For us this probably does not apply as a strategy, because it is difficult to do it over a long timespan and you might be more susceptible to infections and other diseases, because you are not in a safe lab environment.
##### Cellular Aging
### 10 - Thinking Tactically
> Absorb what is useful, discard what is useless, and add what is specifically your own.
> - Bruce Lee
Orientation Questions:
1. are you over- or undernourished (calorie count)?
2. undermuscled or adequately muscled?
3. Metabolically healthy or not?
What would I say about myself?
1. slightly over
2. undermuscled (okay VO2 max and endurance)
3. I think yes
### 11 - Centenarian Decathlon
This chapter helps patients to define their own goals towards building an exercise routine and willpower now by visualizing tasks and passions as a 90 year old.
- [ ] #todo/p copy list of examples from book
- 1 min dead hang
### 12 - Training 101
> It is impossible to produce superior performance unless you do something different from the majority.
> - Sir John Templeton
#### Cardio
Includes low power endurance (Zone 2) as well as maximal aerobic effort (VO2 max).
##### Aerobic Efficiency: Zone 2
Glucose and fatty acids can be the fuel for our muscles. There are several metabolic pathways for glucose but only microcosms can convert fatty acids into energy.
Zonte 2 exercise is mostly done by our slow twitch muscle fibers ( type 1). They are extremely dense with microcomputers and can therefore metabolize fat very well. When the pace increases, more and more type 2 muscle fibers start to join the effort. This are less efficient and more forceful and produce way more lactate because of a different way of producing ATP. When lactate turns into lactic acid you feel the muscle burning.
Zone 2 can also be defined by the maximum effort without accumulating lactate.
##### VO2 Max
VO2 max describes the maximum output of our body.
![[image 9.jpg]]
#### Strength
Steady decline of muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle speed starting in your thirties. It’s hard to gain muscle when you’re older, but possible to keep it when you already have it.
Accidents, diseases and other breaks in training leads rapidly to muscle loss. This is why it’s crucial not to get injured.
Bone density diminishes on a parallel path to the muscle. We care about this because we want to slow down this decline.
Strategy to fight against:
1. Optimize nutrition, focusing on protein and total energy needs (see nutrition chapters).
2. Heavy loading-bearing activity. Strength training, especially with heavy weights, stimulates the growth of bone-more than impact sports such as running (though running is better than swimming/cycling).
Bones respond to mechanical tension and estrogen is the key hormone in mediating the mechanical signal (weight bearing) to a chemical one telling the body to lay down more bone.
3. HRT, if indicated.
4. Drugs to increase BMD, if indicated.
Rucking is a sport where you hike with a heavy pack. Helps bone density growth as well as cardiovascular training and strength training for legs and trunk.
Focus strength training:
1. Grip strength
2. Concentric and eccentric movement
3. Pulling motion ( rows and pull ups)
4. Hip-hinging movements (dead lifts)
#### Stability
This is the solid foundation that prevents us from getting injured. Stability makes us bulletproof.
By sitting in Chairs all the time we forgot the optimal way of moving our bodies. Thats the theory of DNS (Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization).
- www.rehabps.com
- Www.posturalrestoration.com
##### Breathing
Breathing is the foundation of stability.
- Mr. Stay Puft
- Sad Guy
- Yogini
### 15 Putting Nutritional Biochemistry into Practice
#### Macro nutrients
##### Alcohol
##### Carbohydrates
The goal is to keep average glucose below 100 mg/dl with standard deviation of less than 15 mg/dl ( corresponds to HbA1c of 5.1%).
##### Protein
Its the one macronutrient you shouldn’t ignore. Its the only one where there is a recommendation of 0.8g per kg of body mass. But if you want to maintain muscle you should eat double to triple (1.6-2.2 g/kg). For me with 80 kg this is 120-180 g.
Make sure to include all the essential amino acids in your diet, especially leucine, lycine (3-4g per day) and methionine (1g per day). If you want to increase mass, you need 2-3g per serving, four times a day of leucine.
### Notes and Thoughts
- easy biomarker test device to use at home (like theranos?) #idea/startup
#### Actionpoints
- [ ] Healthcheck with biomarker analysis: what is ideal (not normal) #todo/p ⏫
- [ ] Understand mendelian randomization #todo/p
- [ ] Study the four horseman in detail to understand the biological process underneath #todo/p
---
### Erste Reaktion
Ich habe heute das Buch fertig gelesen. Die letzten Kapitel waren sehr Praxis orientiert. Insgesamt bin ich begeistert davon wie Peter Attia das Buch aufbaut und bin grundsätzlich überzeugt von seiner Herangehensweise ans Gesund leben.
Vor allem das er emotionale Gesundheit als gleich wichtig oder sogar als wichtiger betrachtet als körperliche Gesundheit finde ich faszinierend. Logisch übertreibt er gewisse Punkte und Geschichten aus seinem eigenen Leben. Es bringt mich jedoch dazu selber über mein Leben und meinen Zustand zu reflektieren. Wie ist meine emotionale Gesundheit? Ich glaube momentan nicht die beste.
Definition Alter: wenn man in die Zukunft denkt ist man jung, wenn man in der Vergangenheit denkt ist man alt.
---
## Cross References
```query
Outlive Peter Attia
-file: "Outlive by Peter Attia.md"
```

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---
title: Surrounded by Idiots by Thomas Erikson
created_date: 2024-10-25
updated_date: 2024-10-25
aliases:
tags:
- book
- psychology
type: book
book_name: Surrounded by Idiots
author: Thomas Erikson
status: started
---
# Surrounded by Idiots by Thomas Erikson
- **🏷️Tags** : #10-2024 #book
---
## Summary
> [!summary] Summary
> 3 Sentences only!
> - What are the main ideas?
> - If I implemented one idea from this book right now, which one would it be?
> - How would I describe the book to someone else?
---
## Ideas and Thoughts
> [!info]+ Inspiring Questions
> - Did you think about other concepts from other books?
> - Do the concepts fit to your past, to your memories?
> - Can you relive them and reflect them from a different angle?
> [!warning]
> Apparently there is no scientific background to the claims of the book made by Thomas Erikson. It is based on the [[Personality Tests#DiSC|DiSC]] test, which has its origin in the 1930s and has scientifically not been show accurate. The results have high reliability (consistent results over time) but their validity is questionable.
Nonetheless, I think there are learnings in the books. The way the different personalities are described is accurate and I did remember several interactions with people while reading it. It is important not to judge people's character through the lens of the colours, but rather using it to strategise the best responses with respect to behaviour. If someone shows red behaviour, we take it as red behaviour and act accordingly - we don't say the person is red. Behaviours can be very environment dependent.
A critical comment can be found here: https://www.vof.se/blogg/one-of-swedens-biggest-scientific-bluffs/
---
## Clippings
> [!info] Import Clippings from Kindle
> Annotate Clippings with thoughts and cross references
---
```query
Surrounded by Idiots Thomas Erikson
-file: "Surrounded by Idiots by Thomas Erikson.md"
```

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---
title: Surrounded by Idiots by Thomas Erikson
created_date: 2024-10-25
updated_date: 2024-10-25
aliases:
tags:
- book
- psychology
type: book
book_name: Surrounded by Idiots
author: Thomas Erikson
status: started
---
# Surrounded by Idiots by Thomas Erikson
- **🏷️Tags** : #10-2024 #book
---
## Summary
> [!summary] Summary
> 3 Sentences only!
> - What are the main ideas?
> - If I implemented one idea from this book right now, which one would it be?
> - How would I describe the book to someone else?
---
## Ideas and Thoughts
> [!info]+ Inspiring Questions
> - Did you think about other concepts from other books?
> - Do the concepts fit to your past, to your memories?
> - Can you relive them and reflect them from a different angle?
> [!warning]
> Apparently there is no scientific background to the claims of the book made by Thomas Erikson. It is based on the [[Personality Tests#DiSC|DiSC]] test, which has its origin in the 1930s and has scientifically not been show accurate. The results have high reliability (consistent results over time) but their validity is questionable.
Nonetheless, I think there are learnings in the books. The way the different personalities are described is accurate and I did remember several interactions with people while reading it. It is important not to judge people's character through the lens of the colours, but rather using it to strategise the best responses with respect to behaviour. If someone shows red behaviour, we take it as red behaviour and act accordingly - we don't say the person is red. Behaviours can be very environment dependent.
A critical comment can be found here: [One of Sweden's biggest scientific bluffs – Vetenskap och Folkbildning](https://www.vof.se/blogg/one-of-swedens-biggest-scientific-bluffs/).
---
## Clippings
> [!info] Import Clippings from Kindle
> Annotate Clippings with thoughts and cross references
---
```query
Surrounded by Idiots Thomas Erikson
-file: "Surrounded by Idiots by Thomas Erikson.md"
```

51
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---
title: Surrounded by Idiots by Thomas Erikson
created_date: 2024-10-25
updated_date: 2024-10-25
aliases:
tags:
- book
- psychology
type: book
book_name: Surrounded by Idiots
author: Thomas Erikson
status: started
---
# Surrounded by Idiots by Thomas Erikson
- **🏷️Tags** : #10-2024 #book
---
## Summary
> [!summary] Summary
> 3 Sentences only!
> - What are the main ideas?
> - If I implemented one idea from this book right now, which one would it be?
> - How would I describe the book to someone else?
---
## Ideas and Thoughts
> [!info]+ Inspiring Questions
> - Did you think about other concepts from other books?
> - Do the concepts fit to your past, to your memories?
> - Can you relive them and reflect them from a different angle?
> [!warning]
> Apparently there is no scientific background to the claims of the book made by Thomas Erikson. It is based on the [[Personality Tests#DiSC|DiSC]] test, which has its origin in the 1930s and has scientifically not been show accurate. The results have high reliability (consistent results over time) but their validity is questionable.
Nonetheless, I think there are learnings in the books. The way the different personalities are described is accurate and I did remember several interactions with people while reading it. It is important not to judge people's character through the lens of the colours, but rather using it to strategise the best responses with respect to behaviour. If someone shows red behaviour, we take it as red behaviour and act accordingly - we don't say the person is red. Behaviours can be very environment dependent.
A critical comment can be found here: [One of Sweden's biggest scientific bluffs – Vetenskap och Folkbildning](https://www.vof.se/blogg/one-of-swedens-biggest-scientific-bluffs/).
---
## Clippings
> [!info] Import Clippings from Kindle
> Annotate Clippings with thoughts and cross references
---
```query
Surrounded by Idiots Thomas Erikson
-file: "Surrounded by Idiots by Thomas Erikson.md"
```

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5 Media/0 Books/The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen Covey.md Normal file
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<%*
let title = tp.file.title;
let book_name = "";
let author = "";
if (title.startsWith("Untitled")) {
book_name = await tp.system.prompt("Book Name");
author = await tp.system.prompt("Author");
await tp.file.rename(title);
}
title = book_name + " by " + author
tp.file.move("5 Media/0 Books/" + title)
tR += "---"
%>
title: <%* tR += title %>
created_date: <% tp.file.creation_date('YYYY-MM-DD') %>
updated_date: <% tp.file.creation_date('YYYY-MM-DD') %>
aliases:
tags:
- book
type: book
book_name: <% book_name %>
author: <% author %>
status: not_started
---
# <%* tR += title %>
- **🏷️Tags** : #<% tp.file.creation_date('MM-YYYY') %> #book
---
## Summary
> [!summary] Summary
> 3 Sentences only!
> - What are the main ideas?
> - If I implemented one idea from this book right now, which one would it be?
> - How would I describe the book to someone else?
---
## Ideas and Thoughts
> [!info]+ Inspiring Questions
> - Did you think about other concepts from other books?
> - Do the concepts fit to your past, to your memories?
> - Can you relive them and reflect them from a different angle?
---
## Clippings
> [!info] Import Clippings from Kindle
> Annotate Clippings with thoughts and cross references
---
Paradigms: what are my maps, my lenses, my ways to see, perceive and interpret the world, the relationships? The better I know them the more I can abstract, experiment, listen to others and thereby getting a larger picture and far more objective view.
Most breakthroughs in science are usually a break with traditional methods and traditional ways of thinking. So called Paradigm Shifts.
Character Ethics vs Personality Ethics: a paradigm shift which is negative: character ethics is based on principles deeply rooted, whereas personality ethics is based on attitude and behavior.
Story of the man with the kids in the subway whose mother just died. Small adjustment —> you suddenly feel compassion
In order to *see* differently, sometimes you need to *be* differently.
Principles: fairness, integrity, honesty, human dignity, service, quality, excellence, potential, growth, patience, nurturance, encouragement.
Principles are not practices, which are specific actions or activities and thus change with different circumstances. Principles are deeply rooted and materialize in terms of habits. They are not Values - values are the maps, trying to describe the underlying territory, which are the principles.
---
## Todos
- [ ] what are paradigm shifts I have experienced?
- [ ] What is my contribution to this world? How do I serve?
## My Stories
[[Stefan Fritsche|Dad]] hat auch ein paradigm shift gemscht, als er akzeptiert hat das der Lohnunterschied wegen der Einstufung nicht angepasst wird und er aber sich selber von einer anderen Seite gesehen hat mit Bezug auf Familie, Haus und generelles Wohlsein.

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---
title: Utopien für Realisten by Rutger Bregman
created_date: 2024-10-27
updated_date: 2024-10-27
aliases:
tags:
- book
type: book
book_name: Utopien für Realisten
author: Rutger Bregman
status: not_started
---
# Utopien für Realisten by Rutger Bregman
- **🏷️Tags** : #10-2024 #book
---
## Summary
> [!summary] Summary
> 3 Sentences only!
> - What are the main ideas?
> - If I implemented one idea from this book right now, which one would it be?
> - How would I describe the book to someone else?
---
## Ideas and Thoughts
> [!info]+ Inspiring Questions
> - Did you think about other concepts from other books?
> - Do the concepts fit to your past, to your memories?
> - Can you relive them and reflect them from a different angle?
---
## Clippings
> [!info] Import Clippings from Kindle
> Annotate Clippings with thoughts and cross references
Das problem der Armen ist das sie kein Geld haben, nicht das sie faul oder dumm sind.
Das Problem der Obdachlosen ist das sie kein Dach über dem Kopf haben und nicht etwas anderes. Die Lösung für diese Probleme ist den Leuten zu geben was sie brauchen, ohne Bedingungen. Es rechnet sich sogar finanziell, da die Ausgaben die sonst rundherum gebraucht wurden (Polizei, Gericht, Berater, etc) teurer sind als die Leute einfach zu bezahlen.
Das Hauptproblem der Gesellschaft ist nicht die effektive Armut, sondern die Ungleichheit zwischen den Reichsten und den Ärmsten. Das BIP korreliert nicht mit dem Index gesellschaftlicher Probleme, die Ungleichheit jedoch schon. Auch wenn heute die Ärmsten reicher sind als Könige vor 200 Jahren, so vergleichen sie sich doch mit den Reichsten von heute was einen psychologischen Druck veranlasst. Das führt zu mehr Misstrauen, Statusangst, Mobbing.
Es braucht ein bisschen Ungleichheit als Treiber für Arbeitsmotivation und Unternehmertum (wie [[Potential]] in Physik). Zu viel hemmt sogar das Wirtschaftswachstum.
> [!Quote] George Santayana (1863-1952)
> Wer sich nicht an die Vergangenheit erinnern kann, ist dazu verurteilt, sie zu wiederholen.
Oscar Wilde erklärte, sobald wir das Land des Überflusses erreicht hätten, müssten wir unseren Blick auf den Horizont richten und erneut die Segel setzen: «Fortschritt ist die Verwirklichung von Utopien.» Aber der Horizont bleibt leer. Das Land des Überflusses ist in Nebel gehüllt. Just in dem Moment, in dem wir uns der historischen Aufgabe hätten stellen sollen, diese rei-che, sichere und gesunde Welt mit Sinn zu erfüllen, beerdigten wir stattdessen die Utopie. Und wir haben keinen neuen Traum, durch den wir sie ersetzen könnten, weil wir uns keine bessere Welt als die vorstellen können, in der wir heute leben. Tatsächlich glauben die meisten Menschen in den reichen Ländern, dass es ihren Kindern schlechter gehen wird als ihnen."
George Orwell hatte am eigenen Leib erfahren, was es bedeutete, arm zu sein. In seinen Erinnerungen *Erledigt in Paris und London (Down and Out in Paris and London, 1933, deutsch 1978)* schreibt er: "Man dachte, es wäre alles ganz einfach; es ist aussergewöhnlich kompliziert. Man dachte, es wäre schrecklich; es ist nur schmutzig und langweilig"
Orwell beschreibt, wie er manchmal den ganzen Tag im Bett lag, weil es nichts gab, für das es sich gelohnt hätte aufzustehen. Das Problem mit der Armut sei, dass sie "die Zukunft auslöscht". Dem Armen bleibe nichts anderes übrig, als im Hier und Jetzt zu überleben. Und Orwell wundert sich darüber, dass manche Leute "einfach annehmen, sie hätten ein Recht darauf dir zu predigen und vorzubeten, nur weil dein Lohn unter einem bestimmten Schnitt gefallen ist".
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Utopien für Realisten Rutger Bregman
-file: "Utopien für Realisten by Rutger Bregman.md"
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